Here, I will show you how to work with laravel 9 sanctum API authentication example. you will learn laravel 9 rest API using sanctum. you can see laravel 9 sanctum spa API example. you can see laravel 9 sanctum API example.
Laravel 9 Sanctum provides a simple authentication system for SPAs (single page applications), mobile applications, and simple, token based APIs. Sanctum also allows each user of your application to generate multiple API tokens for their account.
If you also want to create API for your mobile application then you can follow this tutorial for how to create the rest API step by step with laravel 9 and sanctum. If you are new then don't worry about that I wrote the tutorial step by step.
Follow bellow few steps to create a restful API example in the laravel 9 app.
Step 1: Install Laravel 9
This step is not required; however, if you have not created the laravel app, then you may go ahead and execute the below command:
In this step, we have to configuration on three place model, service provider and auth config file. So you have to just following change on that file.
In model we added HasApiTokens class of Sanctum,
In auth.php, we added api auth configuration.
app/Models/User.php
<?php namespace App\Models; use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\MustVerifyEmail;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;use Laravel\Sanctum\HasApiTokens; class User extends Authenticatable{ use HasFactory, Notifiable, HasApiTokens; /** * The attributes that are mass assignable. * * @var array */ protected $fillable = [ 'name', 'email', 'password', ]; /** * The attributes that should be hidden for arrays. * * @var array */ protected $hidden = [ 'password', 'remember_token', ]; /** * The attributes that should be cast to native types. * * @var array */ protected $casts = [ 'email_verified_at' => 'datetime', ];}
Step 4: Add Product Table and Model
next, we require to create migration for products table using Laravel 9 php artisan command, so first fire bellow command:
php artisan make:migration create_products_table
After this command you will find one file in following path database/migrations and you have to put bellow code in your migration file for create products table.
<?php use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema; return new class extends Migration{ /** * Run the migrations. * * @return void */ public function up() { Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->id(); $table->string('name'); $table->text('detail'); $table->timestamps(); }); } /** * Reverse the migrations. * * @return void */ public function down() { Schema::dropIfExists('products'); }};
After create migration we need to run above migration by following command:
php artisan migrate
After create "products" table you should create Product model for products, so first create file in this path app/Models/Product.php and put bellow content in item.php file:
app/Models/Product.php
<?php namespace App\Models; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class Product extends Model{ use HasFactory; /** * The attributes that are mass assignable. * * @var array */ protected $fillable = [ 'name', 'detail' ];}
Step 5: Create API Routes
In this step, we will create api routes for login, register and products rest api. So, let's add new route on that file.
routes/api.php
<?php use Illuminate\Http\Request;use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route; use App\Http\Controllers\API\RegisterController;use App\Http\Controllers\API\ProductController; /*|--------------------------------------------------------------------------| API Routes|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|| Here is where you can register API routes for your application. These| routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which| is assigned the "api" middleware group. Enjoy building your API!|*/ Route::controller(RegisterController::class)->group(function(){ Route::post('register', 'register'); Route::post('login', 'login');}); Route::middleware('auth:sanctum')->group( function () { Route::resource('products', ProductController::class);});
Step 6: Create Controller Files
in next step, now we have create new controller as BaseController, ProductController and RegisterController, i created new folder "API" in Controllers folder because we will make alone APIs controller, So let's create both controller:
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers\API; use Illuminate\Http\Request;use App\Http\Controllers\API\BaseController as BaseController;use App\Models\Product;use Validator;use App\Http\Resources\ProductResource; class ProductController extends BaseController{ /** * Display a listing of the resource. * * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function index() { $products = Product::all(); return $this->sendResponse(ProductResource::collection($products), 'Products retrieved successfully.'); } /** * Store a newly created resource in storage. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function store(Request $request) { $input = $request->all(); $validator = Validator::make($input, [ 'name' => 'required', 'detail' => 'required' ]); if($validator->fails()){ return $this->sendError('Validation Error.', $validator->errors()); } $product = Product::create($input); return $this->sendResponse(new ProductResource($product), 'Product created successfully.'); } /** * Display the specified resource. * * @param int $id * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function show($id) { $product = Product::find($id); if (is_null($product)) { return $this->sendError('Product not found.'); } return $this->sendResponse(new ProductResource($product), 'Product retrieved successfully.'); } /** * Update the specified resource in storage. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request * @param int $id * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function update(Request $request, Product $product) { $input = $request->all(); $validator = Validator::make($input, [ 'name' => 'required', 'detail' => 'required' ]); if($validator->fails()){ return $this->sendError('Validation Error.', $validator->errors()); } $product->name = $input['name']; $product->detail = $input['detail']; $product->save(); return $this->sendResponse(new ProductResource($product), 'Product updated successfully.'); } /** * Remove the specified resource from storage. * * @param int $id * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function destroy(Product $product) { $product->delete(); return $this->sendResponse([], 'Product deleted successfully.'); }}
Step 7: Create Eloquent API Resources
This is a very important step of creating rest api in laravel 9. you can use eloquent api resources with api. it will helps you to make same response layout of your model object. we used in ProductController file. now we have to create it using following command:
php artisan make:resource ProductResource
Now there created new file with new folder on following path:
app/Http/Resources/ProductResource.php
<?php namespace App\Http\Resources; use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource; class ProductResource extends JsonResource{ /** * Transform the resource into an array. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request * @return array */ public function toArray($request) { return [ 'id' => $this->id, 'name' => $this->name, 'detail' => $this->detail, 'created_at' => $this->created_at->format('d/m/Y'), 'updated_at' => $this->updated_at->format('d/m/Y'), ]; }}
Run Laravel App:
All the required steps have been done, now you have to type the given below command and hit enter to run the Laravel app:
php artisan serve
Now, Go to your postman and check following apis.
make sure in details api we will use following headers as listed bellow:
